Effect of Mn Doped and Mn+Sn Co-doping on the Properties of ZnO Thin Films

Mn doped and Mn/Sn co-doped ZnO thin films nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by Spray pyrolysis technique at 300 0C. X-ray diffraction study showed that all the films have the hexagonal wurtzite structure with the preferential orientation (002) plane. The optical measurement exhibited an increase in the average transmittance from 77% for Mn doped ZnO to 84% for Mn/Sn co-doped ZnO films in the visible region. Further the optical band gap changes from 3.18 eV for undoped ZnO films to 3.27 eV for Mn/Sn co-doped ZnO films. The electrical resistivity has decreased with incorporation of Mn and Sn ions to reach the minimum value of 11 (Ω.cm) for Mn doped ZnO film

Interaction between liquidity risk and bank solvency, a crucial effect in a framework of simultaneous equations

Глобальна фінансова криза «2008-09» підкреслила, що взаємодія між ризиком ліквідності та платоспроможністю банку є важливим фактором, який робить банки особливо вразливими до глобальної кризи. Водночас моделі стрес-тестування не враховують динаміку між платоспроможністю та ризиком ліквідності як можливість зменшення впливу стресу на платоспроможність та фінансову стабільність банку. У цьому контексті мета цієї статті полягає в тому, щоб вивчити це надзвичайно актуальне питання у фінансовій літературі та відповісти на головне питання: чи взаємодія між платоспроможністю та ризиком ліквідності є емпірично значущою в контексті алжирських банків? На основі економетричної моделі з використанням підходу одночасного рівняння на панелі даних 19 банків за 6 років поспіль (з 2016 по 2021). Наші результати підтверджують нашу гіпотезу про взаємодію та показують, що ці два ризики визначаються одночасно. Спираючись на цей висновок, ми пропонуємо, щоб органи влади зосередили увагу на розробці інтегрованих стрес-тестів ліквідності та платоспроможності. Наші результати також показують, що алжирським банкам необхідно створити нормативну базу для ліквідності відповідно до міжнародних пруденційних норм для підвищення ефективності цього сектора.The “2008-09” global financial crisis has underlined that the interaction between liquidity risk and bank solvency forms an important factor that makes banks particularly vulnerable to a global crisis. At the same time, stress-testing models do not consider the dynamics between solvency and liquidity risk the possibility of reducing the impact of stress on bank solvency and financial stability. In this context, the aim of this paper is to examine this highly relevant issue in the financial literature, and answer to the main question: Is the interaction between solvency and liquidity risk empirically significant in the context of the Algerian banks? Based on an econometric model using a simultaneous equation approach on panel data of 19 banks over 6 years running from (2016 to 2021). Our results validate our hypothesis about the interaction and show that these two risks are determined simultaneously. Building on this finding, we suggest that the authorities should emphasise developing integrated liquidity and solvency stress tests. Our results also show the need of the Algerian banks to set up a regulatory framework for liquidity in line with the international prudential regulations to enhance the performance of this sector

Comparison of topological descriptors for similarity-based virtual screening using multiple bioactive reference structures

This paper reports a detailed comparison of a range of different types of 2D fingerprints when used for similarity-based virtual screening with multiple reference structures. Experiments with the MDL Drug Data Report database demonstrate the effectiveness of fingerprints that encode circular substructure descriptors generated using the Morgan algorithm. These fingerprints are notably more effective than fingerprints based on a fragment dictionary, on hashing and on topological pharmacophores. The combination of these fingerprints with data fusion based on similarity scores provides both an effective and an efficient approach to virtual screening in lead-discovery programmes

NMR quality control of fragment libraries for screening

Fragment-based screening has evolved as a remarkable approach within the drug discovery process both in the industry and academia. Fragment screening has become a more structure-based approach to inhibitor development, but also towards development of pathway-specific clinical probes. However, it is often witnessed that the availability, immediate and long-term, of a high quality fragment-screening library is still beyond the reach of most academic laboratories. Within iNEXT (Infrastructure for NMR, EM and X-rays for Translational research), a EU-funded Horizon 2020 program, a collection of 782 fragments were assembled utilizing the concept of "poised fragments" with the aim to facilitate downstream synthesis of ligands with high affinity by fragment ligation. Herein, we describe the analytical procedure to assess the quality of this purchased and assembled fragment library by NMR spectroscopy. This quality assessment requires buffer solubility screening, comparison with LC/MS quality control and is supported by state-of-the-art software for high throughput data acquisition and on-the-fly data analysis. Results from the analysis of the library are presented as a prototype of fragment progression through the quality control process